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A plane table (plain table prior to 1830)〔 is a device used in surveying and related disciplines to provide a solid and level surface on which to make field drawings, charts and maps. The early use of the name ''plain table'' reflected its simplicity and plainness rather than its flatness.〔 ==History== The earliest mention of a plane table dates to 1551 in Abel Foullon's ''"Usage et description de l'holomètre"'', published in Paris.〔Turner, Anthony, ''Early Scientific Instruments, Europe 1400-1800'', Sotheby's Publishing, 1987, ISBN 0-85667-319-6. page 81〕 However, since Foullon's description was of a complete, fully developed instrument, it must have been invented earlier.〔 A brief description was also added to the 1591 edition of Digge's ''Pantometria''.〔 The first mention of the device in English was by Cyprian Lucar in 1590.〔Turner, Gerard L'E., ''Scientific Instruments 1500-1900, An Introduction'', University of California Press, 1998 ISBN 0-85667-491-5. This is an updated version of his earlier ''Antique Scientific Instruments'' Blandford Press Ltd. 1980, ISBN 0-7137-1068-3〕 Some have credited Johann Richter, also known as Johannes Praetorius,〔( Vai, Gian Battista, Caldwell, W. G. E. ''The Origins of Geology in Italy'' ) Google books online copy〕 a Nuremberg mathematician, in 1610〔Laussedat, Amié, ''Recherches sur les instruments, les méthodes et le dessin topographiques'', Paris, 1898-1902, two volumes〕 with the first plane table, but this appears to be incorrect. The plane table became a popular instrument for surveying.〔Kiely, Edmond, ''Surveying Instruments: Their history and classroom use'', Bureau of Publications, Teachers College, Columbia University, 1947. page 228〕 Its use was widely taught. Interestingly, there were those who considered it a substandard instrument compared to such devices as the theodolite, since it was relatively easy to use.〔 By allowing the use of graphical methods rather than mathematical calculations, it could be used by those with less education than other instruments. The addition of a camera to the plane table, as was done from 1890 by Sebastian Finsterwalder in conjunction with a phototheodolite, established photogrammetry in spatial and temporal surveying. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Plane table」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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